Marketing: British Airways Group

Promoting: British Airways Group The task centers around investigating summing up and contrasting two organizations which bargains in same division or industry with an advertising viewpoint. The reason expresses that the investigation of the module Marketing Management should be executed in virtual front by giving significant procedure to the organization picked and update the incentive. The task is partitioned into bit by bit parts towards setting up an arrangement for the association under examination. English Airways-Company profile English Airways is the carrier organization of the United Kingdom. It has its headquarter in Waterside which is close to its principle center point at London Heathrow Airport and as discovered it is the greatest aircraft of UK on the record premise of number of global flights and worldwide goals it has. Its subsequent center is London Gatwick Airport. According to the exploration it found that The British Airways Group was shaped on 1 September 1974. BA was shaped by the merger of two huge London-based aircrafts, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways Corporation (BEA), and two a lot littler carriers, Cambrian Airways Cardiff and Northeast Airlines Newcastle upon Tyne. BA as per the examination was found as the main two aircrafts to work the supersonic Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde introducing the universes first supersonic traveler administration in January 1976. BA turned into the universes most gainful aircraft following its systems under the trademar k The Worlds Favorite Airline. Or maybe it was before Boeing client. The development of Richard Bransons Virgin Atlantic Airways in 1984 started a strained relationship with BA. The primary exercises of British Airways Plc and its auxiliary endeavors are the activity of worldwide and household arranged air administrations for the deportment of travelers, cargo and mail and the office of subordinate pleasantries. (uk.reuters.com 2010) Franchisees  · Comair: situated in South Africa, franchisee since 1996.  · Sun Air: situated in Denmark, franchisee since 1 August 1996. (uk.reuters.com 2010) Client Value It is the distinction between what a client needs from an item and what the person in question needs to provide so as to accomplish it. ( Business dictionary.com 2010 ) Client Value recommendation A client offer is portrayed as a business or proclamation of advertising that depicts for what reason would a client purchase an item or administration he wish to utilize. It has been focused towards the capability of clients as opposed to other comprising gatherings, for example, of laborers, partners or providers .It is intended for the clients to persuade their self to one specific item or administration which will include more worth ( Business dictionary.com 2010). Kinds of CVP 1.All Benefits Sometimes most chiefs details client incentive which incorporates all clients benefits which can be satisfied by them by offering various sorts of offers to address client issues. It requires them a difficult work to keeping records about client needs and rivals in the market ( Ogle,2010). 2. Good Points of Difference The second sort of incentive which remembers all options for which clients center incorporates various kinds of items and administrations offered by others. It furnishes the clients with the best of its offers just to draw in them without having the best possible information about what the client is requesting however they attempt to satisfy their client need( Ogle,2010). 3. Reverberating Focus This is a significant angle as it centers around the offer having contrasts to an all advantages position of organizations driving an incentive for the clients .Resonating is the point which manages the standard of the offer and it ought to be at its most elevated level .By this technique the chief needs to do the business with the advertisers who has the best possible information about the clients need and conveys the clients offer at the market catching level ( Ogle,2010). Significance of offer A decent client offer is a strategy for persuading the clients to purchase their items other than purchasing the contenders and think that its unique in relation to other people .This technique has been utilized to get a handle on the consideration of the clients and increment the deals everywhere scale which will help in expanding the pieces of the overall industry. To advance the item it has been consistently critical to comprehend clients need . It is beneficial in building a brand affiliation that help in giving proposals to the clients (Ogle, 2010) Three Key Dimensions Dynamic versus Responsive worth Outward versus characteristic worth Self-arranged versus other-situated worth According to the examination on the British aviation routes client incentive it has been discovered that : Impact of British aviation routes on clients mind It has Strong brand name and brand picture great notoriety in showcase just as clients mind Unwavering quality of British aviation routes BA Key Messages is to give the consistency in offering great assistance Dependability in giving best nature of offering Wellbeing and security Wellbeing and security are key needs for British aviation routes. It follows the proper administration framework for the security which guarantees with every single significant standard and guidelines that are must be followed. English aviation routes is into an arrangement of working a comprehensive checking framework to guarantee that all occurrences are accounted for before they happen and vital move been made. HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_value_proposition l cite_note-Lake-1Question 2. The prerequisite of the inquiry talks about the two organizations to be chosen of a similar industry which can be looked at on different angles especially promoting methodology on a worldwide scale; I have picked the accompanying two organizations: English Airways Virgin Atlantic aviation routes The purposes behind choosing these organizations are: The offer of both the organizations can be analyzed and separated dependent on their promoting resources. Both the organizations are extreme rivals in the matter of carriers and in giving better nature of administrations than the clients Virgin Atlantic Airways-Competitor Company Profile Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited (working as Virgin Atlantic) is a British aircraft possessed by Sir Richard Bransons Virgin Group (51%) and Singapore Airlines (49%). It is headquartered in Crawley, West Sussex, England, close to London Gatwick Airport. It works between the United Kingdom and North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia from fundamental bases at Gatwick and London Heathrow Airport, utilizing a blended armada of Airbus and Boeing wide-body airplane (innovationaleaders, 2010). We as a whole encounter client assistance, without getting it. The main time youre prone to banner is the point at which it outperforms your possibilities, or it doesnt meet them! Satisfied clients are bound to recognize you to other people. Client support is unmistakably a primary piece of any organizations corporate arrangement to review and pull in customers. Compelling Customer Service is basic in parcel a business to meet its arranged deals aims while meeting their customer possibilities through outstanding client care. Basically EVALUATING CUSTOMER VALUE PROPOSITON OF BRITISH AIRWAYS English aviation routes as being on the highest point of the outline of carriers industry to keep up its standard it has gained a few imaginative thoughts which have left certain impact on clients mind. English Airways is nearly solid from a money related perspective and have a decent notoriety in contrast with different organizations in the carriers business, and it has situated itself on the top leveled specialist co-op yet at the same time it is confronting a few issues in fulfilling the clients totally. BA furnishes it clients with moderate value flight ticket and spends to that level which conveys the base execution for the bet ( for instance: giving nuts and soda pops to the customers),Yet then again BA amplifies its showcasing by spending more adequacy by evacuating incapable spending on the bet that pushes the exhibition however doesn't prompts any adjustment in clients conduct ( for instance: BA dont give the clients hot dinners on short flights). English aviation routes has upgraded its lodge into genuinely level bed which are up to the best solace of the clients and it helps in pulling in more clients in business class when different carriers only expanded extra space to move around or seat width however to truly control in the recorded of aircraft BA ought to likewise attempt to give increasingly creative offices to bring down class clients too as they are being their customary clients. BA furnishes its clients with its key need of security for which it has worked diverse security framework uncommonly for its clients wellbeing. So as to beneficially fulfill client needs, an association must comprehend its outer and inner circumstance including the client, the market and its own abilities. Advertising MIX OF BRITISH AIRWAYS Item Strategy An item is portrayed as whatever been offered to involved with another gathering consequently of something. As we talk about BA, it furnishes its clients with various kinds of administrations like booking their tickets on the web, pick the sitting of their decision and suppers of client choice.BA gives the nature of remunerating the clients at the hour of abrogation of their flight tickets (123helpme, 2010). Estimating Strategy Estimating methodology is the general assignment of characterizing the value range and value development through the timeframe given to help the hierarchical reserve and benefit picking up goals. BA holds an alternate kind of estimating procedure in its two areas of carriers short-pull and the long stretch , it furnishes its clients with tickets at reasonable cost. It has diverse value standard for various classifications of flights however with same nature of administration. BA has the unique framework for discretionary item evaluating charged for discretionary extra ensuring a window

5 Steps for Balancing Chemical Equations

5 Steps for Balancing Chemical Equations Having the option to adjust compound conditions is a fundamental expertise for science. Heres a glance at the means associated with adjusting conditions, in addition to a worked case of how to adjust a condition. Steps of Balancing a Chemical Equation Distinguish every component found in the condition. The quantity of iotas of each sort of particle must be the equivalent on each side of the condition once it has been balanced.What is the net charge on each side of the condition? The net charge must be the equivalent on each side of the condition once it has been balanced.If conceivable, start with a component found in one compound on each side of the condition. Change the coefficients (the numbers before the compound or particle) with the goal that the quantity of iotas of the component is the equivalent on each side of the condition. Keep in mind, to adjust a condition, you change the coefficients, not the addendums in the formulas.Once you have adjusted one component, do something very similar with another component. Continue until the sum total of what components have been adjusted. Its most effortless to leave components found in unadulterated structure for last.Check your work to make certain the charge on the two sides of th e condition is likewise adjusted. Case of Balancing a Chemical Equation ? CH4 ? O2 â†' ? CO2 ? H2O Distinguish the components in the condition: C, H, OIdentify the net charge: no net charge, which makes this one simple! H is found in CH4 and H2O, so its a decent beginning element.You have 4 H in CH4 yet just 2 H in H2O, so you have to twofold the coefficient of H2O to adjust H.1 CH4 ? O2 â†' ? CO2 2 H2OLooking at carbon, you can see that CH4 and CO2 must have the equivalent coefficient.1 CH4 ? O2 â†' 1 CO2 2 H2OFinally, decide the O coefficient. You can see you have to twofold the O2 coefficient so as to get 4 O seen on the item side of the reaction.1 CH4 2 O2 â†' 1 CO2 2 H2OCheck your work. Its standard to drop a coefficient of 1, so the last adjusted condition would be written:CH4 2 O2 â†' CO2 2 H2O Take a test to check whether you see how to adjust straightforward compound conditions. The most effective method to Balance a Chemical Equation for a Redox Reaction When you see how to adjust a condition as far as mass, youre prepared to figure out how to adjust a condition for both mass and charge. Decrease/oxidation or redox responses and corrosive base responses frequently include charged species. Adjusting for charge implies you have a similar net charge on both the reactant and item side of the condition. This isnt consistently zero! Heres a case of how to adjust the response between potassium permanganate and iodide particle in watery sulfuric corrosive to shape potassium iodide and manganese(II) sulfate. This is a run of the mill corrosive response. In the first place, compose the uneven concoction equation:KMnO4  KI  H2SO4 â†' I2  MnSO4Write down the oxidation numbers for each kind of particle on the two sides of the equation:Left hand side: K 1; Mn 7; O - 2; I 0; H 1; S 6Right hand side: I 0; Mn 2, S 6; O - 2Find the iotas that experience an adjustment in oxidation number:Mn: 7 â†' 2; I: 1 â†' 0Write a skeleton ionic condition that solitary covers the molecules that change oxidation number:MnO4-â†' Mn2I-â†' I2Balance the entirety of the particles other than the oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) in the half-reactions:MnO4-â†' Mn22I-â†' I2Now include O and H2O varying to adjust oxygen:MnO4-â†' Mn2 4H2O2I-â†' I2Balance the hydrogen by including H as needed:MnO4-8H â†' Mn2 4H2O2I-â†' I2Now, balance charge by including electrons varying. In this model, the main half-response has a charge of 7 on the left and 2 on the right. Add 5 electrons to one side to adjust the charge. The second half- response has 2-on the left and 0 on the right. Add 2 electrons to the right.MnO4-8H 5e-â†' Mn2 4H2O2I-â†' I2 2e- Increase the two half-responses by the number that yields the most minimal regular number of electrons in every half-response. For this model, the most minimal different of 2 and 5 is 10, so increase the principal condition by 2 and the second condition by 5:2 x [MnO4-8H 5e-â†' Mn2 4H2O]5 x [2I-â†' I2 2e-]Add together the two half-responses and offset species that show up on each side of the equation:2MnO4-10I-16H â†' 2Mn2 5I2 8H2O Presently, its a smart thought to check your work by ensuring the particles and charge are adjusted: Left hand side:â 2 Mn; 8 O; 10 I; 16 HRight hand side:â 2 Mn; 10 I; 16 H; 8 O Left hand side: âˆ'2 â€Â 10 16  4Right hand side:â 4

Viking Essay Topics

Viking Essay TopicsWhen you're looking for essay topics, the best way to choose the type of course is to know your objectives. Some objectives could be education, life experience, or a career, but most typically students will consider whether or not they want to be awarded a scholarship or will the essay idea serve as an introduction to a research project that they may be working on.As stated earlier, there are many different types of Vikings, and each of them have unique essay topics. When choosing a Viking topic, make sure to keep in mind that the topic should be interesting to your reader. Take a look at some of the following essay topics and choose one that will get your readers really engaged to read more.To start off, you can look into a topic that is related to Vikings in general and work on it by exploring how the Norsemen live. You can think about their traditions such as their food, costumes, and rituals, and then consider their culture. This topic will prove to be quite ea sy to write because you can use Vikings as the lead character.When looking for essay topics related to Vikings in history, you can also go about it by studying the history itself. This will show you that the Norsemen were strong in battle and lived a life of luxury in the seven levels of the earth. In addition, you'll find that their rules and traditions were built on honesty and courage, which will show you that they're built on integrity and can be trusted.When you're writing about Vikings in any way, you can also consider their artwork and writing ability. Using Vikings as the subject in a certain area, you can also consider their art, craft, and literature. You should always be conscious of the changes that the Norsemen made on the world, and this can help you get started.In addition, if you plan to include Vikings in a report, your subject must be able to communicate effectively. This means that you have to understand how they had to write and read in order to successfully conv erse with other people. Understanding them is the key to passing the course, so make sure that you study this.Your subject should also be interested in politics and should discuss how Vikings made a mark on political history. This is a strong topic to study because you can learn a lot from it and use it for your college application. You can also use this to talk about politics or social issues.You can also take a look at Viking cultures and traditions. These can help you develop more about the Viking culture, their policies, and their concerns. By doing this, you'll be able to build a strong understanding about Vikings and how to better study it for college.

Using Proofs to Establish a Case for Gods Existence...

In the argument with McCloskey about using â€Å"proofs† to establish a case for Gods existence I would first agree with McCloskey that we should not use â€Å"proofs† for Gods existence since â€Å"proofs† cannot be a 100% proof of Gods existence. But there are two arguments that can help explain the existence of God. The first is the best explanation approach which is the best explanation for the things we witness. Another classical argument is cumulative case approach, in this approach we use more than one argument to make a case for Gods existence. Both of these approaches to the existence of God is easier to understand than just the â€Å"proof† argument. We must also understand the defeaters of the arguments and also that the God of the Bible is†¦show more content†¦Evolution does not necessarily mean that we evolved from animals, evolution can mean that animals evolve to adapt to their surroundings for their survival. To sum up evolut ion is this it’s just a way for God to recreate his creations to make a more perfect universe. As to McCloskey stating that evolution has displaced the need for a designer, I do not agree with this statement. Simply because evolution does not take the place for a designer evolution is what the designer does to enhances is creations. Evolution also does not replace the fact that life forms in general did not just appear from nothing, an intelligent designer created these life forms then the possibility of adaptation through evolution was created by our intelligent designer. To reply to McCloskey’s claim that there could not be a God due to the amount of evil there is I would first acknowledge this claim. At first I too agreed with this claim that how could someone so great and loving let so much evil and pain into the lives of people who do not deserve it. Simply because I did not understand how God could be so great and let evil into this world. Since then certai n truths about theology have been explained to me so I can understand the good of God verses the evil found in this world. First I would explain that there must be evil to allow for the good, called second-order good. This allows emotions such as sympathyShow MoreRelatedA Presentation On Being An Atheist Mccloskey1509 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing an atheist McCloskey refers to arguments as proofs and implies that they can’t definitely establish the case for God, so therefore it should be abandoned. According to Foreman in the presentation approaching the question of God’s existence, he states that the best explanation for the existence and things we view of the universe is God. The approach that Foreman has is clearer to a person who believes that God created the heavens and the earth. McCloskey discusses three proofs the cosmologicalRead MoreResponse Paper Instructions1075 Words   |  5 Pagesatheist. This article titled â€Å"On Being an Atheist,† was written by H. J. McCloskey in 1968 for the journal Question. McCloskey is an Australian philosopher who wrote a number of atheisti c works in the 1960s and 70s including the book God and Evil (Nijhoff, 1974). In this article, McCloskey is both critical of the classical arguments for God’s existence and offers the problem of evil as a reason why one should not believe in God. Please note the following parameters for this paper: 1. Your assignmentRead MoreEssay about Response to an Athiest1362 Words   |  6 PagesResponse to an atheist 1. McCloskey refers to the arguments as â€Å"proofs† and often implies that they can’t definitively establish the case for God, so therefore they should be abandoned. What would you say about this in light of my comments on the approaches to the arguments in the PointeCast presentation (Lesson 18)? 2. On the Cosmological Argument: McCloskey claims that the â€Å"mere existence of the world constitutes no reason for believing inRead MoreResponse Paper Mccloskey Article (278.205 Kb)2221 Words   |  9 PagesResponse Paper McCloskey Article (278.205 Kb) Having completed the unit of philosophy of religion, you are now ready to respond to an article written by an actual atheist.   This article, titled â€Å"On Being an Atheist,† was written by H. J. McCloskey in 1968 for the journal Question.   McCloskey is an Australian philosopher who wrote a number of atheistic works in the 1960s and 70s including the book God and Evil (Nijhoff, 1974). In this article, McCloskey is both critical of the classical arguments

Artistic Ways Of Murder David M. Stone - 1235 Words

Artistic Ways of Murder David M. Stone has made some great points in his article, â€Å"Signature Killer: Caravaggio and the Poetics of Blood.† Stone set out to explain his ideas about Michelangelo Merisi Caravaggio’s honorary knighthood and the social standing it gave him, and what it meant for Caravaggio to sign his name in The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, in the blood of St. John the Baptist himself. Stone gave great insight into the world of Caravaggio’s life and what he could have been implying through the act of signing in blood. Stone stated that Caravaggio left his lucrative career as an altarpiece painter to provide praiseworthy service to the Order of St. John, in hopes of becoming an honorary knight in the†¦show more content†¦Caravaggio’s demonstration of the power of art was using art as leverage to become a nonnoble in a chivalric order and to gain freedom for his crimes. All nobles in the Knights of Malta have a coat of arms to help tell the story of who came to the island and earned a knighthood. Since Caravaggio was not a noble he did not have a coat of arms. His lack of nobility would be obvious by fellow knights and novices in Malta on his altarpiece, The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, since for his masterpieces missing coat of arms. The missing coat of arms would have other knights questioning his deserving of a knighthood and his merit. Through Caravaggio’s signature in blood is a ready response: â€Å"here are my bloodlines, my proof of nobility, descended directly, through faith and dutiful service-through the virtue of my art-from the precious blood of our martyred patron saint, John the Baptist.† Caravaggio’s rhetoric of the triumph of faith over family ties could not be clearer. Stone states that John the Baptist must be consider the first fallen knight of the order of St. John. He quotes Caroline walker Bynum as stating the positive effects of bloodshed: cleansing, sealin g, freeing, protecting, restoring, vivifying, inebriating, reinstating, redeeming. Signing his name in the blood of the Baptist suggest through membership in the Order of St. John Caravaggio is being reborn rebaptized with a new name: fraShow MoreRelatedEvil in Roberto Benignis Life Is Beautiful4016 Words   |  17 PagesFor example, Daniel Vogelmann, an Italian Jew who lost family members at Auschwitz, rejected the idea of presenting the evil of Holocaust in a manner that might mislead new generations into regarding the film as factual. In the United States, critic David Denby led the protest against the film by panning the film as unconvincing and self-congratulatory and accusing Benigni of perpetrating a Holocaust denial (Denby 96). A cartoon of a despairing concentration camp prisoner holding an Oscar statuetteRead MorePyschoanalytic Personalities Essay Notes9106 Words   |  37 Pagesof the group had, however, helped Adler think through his own emerging theory of personality. He soon started his own society, called the Society for Free Psychoanalysis (later changed to the Society for Individual Psychology). One of the central ways in which Adler’s views differed from those of Freud was the emphasis each placed on the origin of motivation. For Freud, the prime motivators were pleasure (remember that the id operates on the so-called pleasure principle) and sexuality. For AdlerRead MoreHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pagestoo. The definition of beautiful is a fluid concept. Each generation of artists explores new frontiers and ads to the existing pool of artistic language. 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The Shareholders Of Aspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd

Earnings per share (also called net income per share) is a ratio that measures net income earned per share of stock outstanding, and is the money each share of stock would receive if all of the profits were distributed to the outstanding shares at year end. The higher the EPS, the better the business is as an investment from a shareholders perspective. EPS could be due to an increase in profit or a decrease in the number of shares in issue, which causes the return for each share to be higher. Application: Earnings per Share serve as an indicator of a company s profitability. The EPS increased 325 cents from 773 cents in 2013 to 1098 cents in 2014. The company’s profitability increased by 42% in 2014, which is a great improvement from 2013. Profits increased from R3 514 100 000 in 2013 to R5 005 500 000 in 2014, and this played a big role in causing the EPS to increase by 42%. The shareholders of Aspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd should be satisfied as the current year (2014) EPS was higher than usual, and a higher earnings per share ratio often makes the stock price of a company rise. Earnings Yield Earnings Yield 2013 = 37.71% Earnings Yield 2014 =37.60% Decreased 0.11% from 37.71% to 37.60% Definition: The Earnings Yield (the reciprocal of the P/E Ratio) can be used to easily compare the earnings of stock or the whole market against bond yields. It is the relationship between the company’s share price and earnings per share. Generally, the Earnings Yields ofShow MoreRelatedAspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd What s Behind One Of The Jse s Stand Out Shares Over The Past Two Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe Investment Case – Aspen Pharmacare Holdings Ltd What’s behind one of the JSE’s stand-out SHARES over the past two years? Patrick Cairns | 12 January 2011 01:54 Aspen Holdings, Investing 101 ORAPA – Despite the pressures of intense competition and restrictive legislation, the South African pharmaceutical industry finds itself in strong health. Over the past two years, all of the three largest pharmaceutical shares listed on the JSE have been amongst the bourse‘s most robust performers. The SHARERead MoreShare Repurchases and the Protection of13310 Words   |  54 PagesShare repurchases and the protection of shareholders* KATHLEEN VAN DER LINDE** 1 Introduction From a creditor’s perspective there is not much difference between the payment of a dividend in respect of a share and a payment for the acquisition or repurchase of that share. However, from the point of view of the shareholder a dividend is a return on capital while a repurchase is a return of capital to the vendor shareholder. Share repurchases change the structure of the company’s share capitalRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 PagesP102–P191 Shareholder information P192–P212 Business review 2010 Performance overview Research and development Pipeline summary Products, competition and intellectual property Regulation Manufacturing and supply World market GSK sales performance Segment reviews Responsible business Financial review 2010 Financial position and resources Financial review 2009 Risk factors Governance and remuneration Our Board Our Corporate Executive Team Governance and policy Dialogue with shareholders Internal

Ethics Essay Values - Rules and Regulations

Question: Discuss about the Ethics Essayfor Values, Rules and Regulations. Answer: Business ethics refers to the ethics and principles applied in a business organization. These ethics and principles are responsible to scrutinize all ethical problems of the business organizations. Organizational ethics includes the values, rules and regulations that encourage the business organization to achieve the organizational goal in ethical manner. Business ethics are considered as the set of norms that control the business organization, the behavior of the employees and help the management to avoid any kind of unethical practices. Every organization preserves some ethics and norms to run the organization in appropriate manner. According to some report, business organization must not concentrate only on making profits, to run the business successfully it is important to follow some rules and maintain a clean image among the society (Sammarco et al., 2013). Business ethics enhances the goodwill and reputation of a business organization. Business ethics is highly responsible to influence the behavior of the consumers and stakeholders towards the organization. Ethical practices maximize the positive impact of a business organization among the society. Business ethics are one of the key elements of every business organization and their organizational strategy. All the employees of a business organization are expected to follow these rules to avoid any kind of unlawful practices. Prevention of unfair activities will help the organization to earn desired reputation in the society as well as it will promote the brand image of the company among the consumers. There are many organizations that have faced various kinds of ethical issues. One of the exemplary examples is the Gulf Oil Spill or BP oil spill. The Gulf Oil Spill is known as the one of the worst incident in the history of Unit States. The explosion occurred in 2010. Eleven people were died and seventeen people were injured in this incident. After the explosion staff members of BP and Transocean and gove rnment has tried to stop the spread of oil into the ocean and save the marine life and eco system through floating booms. According to some reports, approximately 200 million gallons of oil was spread into the Gulf of Mexico and a large area of coastline including Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida was affected due to this awful occurrence. The below mentioned article has enlightened all the aspects of Oil Spill in Gulf of Mexico to explain the ethical issues related to the incident (Kleinnijenhuis et al., 2015). British Petroleum (BP) Oil and Gas Group has started its journey in 1908. Headquarter of BP is situated in London, England. It is known as worlds sixth major Oil and Gas Company. This organization covers all the areas of oil and gas industry, such as- exploration, production, distribution, marketing, power generating, trading. It also produces renewable energy from biofuels and wind power. British Petroleum is associated with seventy countries in all over world. It preserves a huge work force of 92,000 employee worldwide ("bp.com", 2017). In 2010, over the course of eighty seven days one of the damaged wellhead called Macondo which was situated around five thousand feet under ocean, leaked approximately 130 million gallons oil into the Mexico Gulf. The oil was spilled into the water from three major cracks. It is considered one of the biggest disasters in the history of Oil and Gas industry as well as in the history of oil spill. The oil easily spread into the sea water due to the wind and harmed the marine life and eco system. Initially eleven people killed and seventeen people were tremendously injured into this incident. The effect of the oil spill was so strong that even after the long time of the incident oil still used to wash up on the seashores which caused health hazards for many people lived in the coastline. The former president Barack Obama had stated that BP oil spill was the worst environmental disaster America has ever faced. Lousiana and Florida Government had declared state of emergency after the oil spill (Lamendella et al., 2015). Marine life was greatly harmed due to this oil spill. The death of dolphin and sea turtles increased significantly. According to some report, almost sixty two dolphins died in the following month of the oil spill. Sea birds also faced serious problem due to this massacre. A small amount of oil on their wings can spoil their ability to fly. After this disaster the whole ocean was covered by the crude oil. Due to this spill the death of sea birds also increased during this time. The disaster has put a long term impact on the on the marine life. The spill was harmful for the fish community of the Gulf of Mexico. This disaster has spoiled the developing larvae of sea fishes. However, the growth of some fish has increased after the occurrence. The incident worked as bliss for the some fish community due to the rapid growth of the foods in the form of oil-eating microbes. The BP oil spill has led the British Petroleum to face an unwelcomed consequence. The occurrence did not only harm the marine life or eco system or human lives, the incident had influenced the development of British Petroleum in a negative manner. The whole reputation of BP was destroyed due to this incident. Being one of the largest Oil and Gas Company of the world, British Petroleum possesses a large chain of stakeholders. This chain of BP includes the employees, suppliers, residents, investors, government (Osofsky et al., 2016). These stakeholders were greatly affected by the incident. Due to lack of ethics, the decision makers of BP and other management was trying the easiest way to resolve the issue, which resulted in disaster. The management avoided all decision of their stakeholders and led the organization towards the disaster. Customers also wants deal with the organization that possesses ethical value and run the organization in appropriate manner, so after these types of u nethical practices the organization lost a large number of consumers. Almost all the stakeholders were hurt due to the carelessness of British Petroleum authority. The management of British Petroleum was not considering their social responsibility while creating their decision. They were aware of the fact that the easy method they were applying it would harm the environment as well as their organizational image, but they still took the decision. According to some report, the main objective of the board of directors of British Petroleum was to resolve the issue as early as possible (Ritchie et a., 2014). This objective was the main reason for the organizational loss. The decisions taken by the organization was harmful not only for the animal and human, but also for other several industries. Many industries that is dependent on the marine life and human faced various challenges due to BP. The management wanted to save money by using cheap techniques to clean oil from the sea water. The organization failed to fight against the crisis due to this chap tactics. Instead of, saving the money the organization faced several other challenges. The managem ent could save the reputation of the organization and stop the spill by adopting the valuable suggestion they were receiving from their stakeholders. These ideas would have been beneficial for the organization to save money as well. The BP oil spill occurred due to the negligence by the authority of British Petroleum. There were many loopholes in organizational structure (Sharkey, 2016). Lack of supervision has led the organization to meet the massacre. The supervisory team was unable to identify the weak points of the pipes. Later on, the oil started coming out from those cracks. Even after the disaster occurred, the organizational management did not care about organizational reputation and about their stakeholders. They were failed to understand that the incident was harmful for the society and as well as for their reputation. The management decided to ignore all the suggestion of their stakeholders and manage the whole thing according to their own decision. This ignorance from the British Petroleum authority had put the whole environment into danger and the existence of marine life at stake. Although the disaster did not occur intentionally, but the risk taken by the authority was intentionally (Wilson et al. , 2015). The management of British Petroleum has set an example of unintelligent and unskilled leadership by taking some inefficient decisions. They ignored the decision of the experts they had hired for cost management. The team had provided them some useful suggestion to beat the crisis. The management has been explained to take the right path to fight against the crisis. However, the management did not follow the guidance of their experts (King et al., 2015). Such behavior from the management spoiled the organizational culture and the social culture. The organization did not communicate about their issues with their employees and stakeholders. It led them to lose the faith of the employees and other stake holders. Transparent communication is considered as one of the key element of every organization. All most all the leading organizations in the world implement strategic communication technique to maintain a strong relationship within the organization and as well as outside the organizati on. However, the management of British Petroleum did not allow their employees to share their opinion on the issue and they did not take the suggestion of other experts as well (Osofsky et al., 2016). According to many theories, organization must take such decisions which will be beneficial for the worst off in society (Michel et al., 2013). The management of BP did not follow this theory while making their decision. Their decision was not useful or beneficial for the worst off in the society. The poverty stricken people who live in the coastal areas have the only way to eat by catching fish from the ocean. This disaster had destroyed their whole food system as the marine life was spoiled due to this oil spill. There are many people who used to rely on tourism industry, British Petroleum Company, fishing industry to earn money to serve their family. The disaster had blocked their way as well to earn money. Many families went through a rough patch due to this massacre. The leaders of BP required controlling the situation with lot more sincerity. The management was aware of the fact that the occurrence could harm the human life that were based on ocean, but instead of playing the ro le of a responsible citizen the organization chose the path of ignorance. Which spread a chaotic situation within the organization and as well as outside of the organization. It spoiled the reputation of the organization among the society. The organizational ethics helps every organization to maintain the reputation in the society and promotes a clean and transparent image of the organization. However, due to these unethical practices the organization has spoiled their image among the consumers (Peres et al., 2016). It was not the first time British Petroleum Company was facing crisis. Earlier in 2005, an explosion took place in BPs Texas City refinery, BP did not learn any lesson from their earlier mistakes and the authority did not make any changes in their system. The primary objective of BP was to make profits. BP was known for spending smaller amount of money for their maintenance and safety issue. The management could prevent the risk by taking some efficient steps at initial stage, but the management preferred to take easier step instead of safer one. The lack of efficient leader was the main reason of this BP oil spill. The lack of efficient guidance led the organization towards this massive disaster. The organization has experienced the crisis due to the lack of effective planning. According to many reports, there was a huge communication gap between the stakeholders and the management of British Petroleum (Morgan et al., 2014). Being a leading organization in the world of Oil and Gas i ndustry, it preserves a huge work force and a long chain of stakeholders. It is difficult to maintain communication with them without any proper planning. To achieve the organizational goal and earn the reputation in the society it is important to maintain the active communication with the employees and stakeholders. Weak organizational ethics and policies have influenced the organization to meet this disaster (Mason et al., 2014). As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that due to weak organizational leadership and unethical practices British Petroleum has faced this massacre. The management had to take some efficient steps to prevent the crisis to occur, but they concentrated on profit making instead of saving the earth and the lives related to the ocean. In fact, they did not even care about the organizational reputation and ignored the suggestion of the cost management experts and followed the easy path to escape from the crisis. In spite of playing the role of sincere citizen they chose to ignore the problems of the society and their social responsibility. There are several methods that the organization could follow to avoid the problem. The organization could choose the safe way instead of easy and cheap method. The organization had to establish a strong and effective planning to fight against the crisis. They could follow an effective communication strategy to interact with their team as well a s the stakeholders. They could conduct group discussion to know the opinion of their team and their stake holders over this crisis, they could implement the effective recommendation provided by their stake holders and their other team members. They could appoint some more effective and skilled employees for supervision and maintenance purpose. Talented employees can help the organization to fight against any kind of crisis. The organizational management must realize that making profit must not be the only motive of a business organization. Every organization must spent quality amount for maintenance and safety issue. This must be an integral part of organizational strategy. Such practices help the organization to fight against many crises. Every organization must encompass some policies to and ethics into their rulebook. Such policies and ethics help the organization to avoid any kind of unethical practices. Organizations must provide training to their employees regarding the organi zational ethics to guide them towards the right path to achieve the organizational goal. Ethics plays a crucial role in shaping the behavior of the employees and prevent any kind of unlawful practices. It helps the organization to maintain the reputation among the consumers and other stakeholders. The behavior of the leaders and employees is highly responsible for the growth of the employees. Leaders and employees must be aware of their responsibility towards the organizations. Ethics are considered as an important tool to increase the loyality level of the employees and leaders towards the organization. As per the case study o British Petroleum, it can be stated that there is a lack of corporate social responsibility initiatives. The organization must be aware of the fact they are responsible towards the society. The management of British Petroleum did not play any duty of being a responsible citizen of the society. Organization must realize that they cannot harm the environment th rough their activity. The management must conduct training development programs to increase the sense of responsibility among the employees. These programs will give long-term benefit to the organization. Organization will be able to maintain their image in the society and achieve the organizational goal. BP could appoint a disaster management team to help them to fight against the disaster. It will be helpful for them to concentrate on achieving the target as well as to maintain the faith of the stakeholders. Reference: bp.com. (2017). bp.com. King, G. M., Kostka, J. E., Hazen, T. C., Sobecky, P. A. (2015). Microbial responses to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: from coastal wetlands to the deep sea.Annual review of marine science,7, 377-401. Kleinnijenhuis, J., Schultz, F., Utz, S., Oegema, D. (2015). The mediating role of the news in the BP oil spill crisis 2010: How US news is influenced by public relations and in turn influences public awareness, foreign news, and the share price.Communication Research,42(3), 408-428. Lamendella, R., Strutt, S., Borglin, S., Chakraborty, R., Tas, N., Mason, O. U., ... Jansson, J. K. (2015). Assessment of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill impact on Gulf coast microbial communities.The metabolic pathways and environmental controls of hydrocarbon biodegradation in marine ecosystems,16. Mason, O. U., Scott, N. M., Gonzalez, A., Robbins-Pianka, A., Blum, J., Kimbrel, J., ... Fortney, J. L. (2014). Metagenomics reveals sediment microbial community response to Deepwater Horizon oil spill.The ISME journal,8(7), 1464-1475. Michel, J., Owens, E. H., Zengel, S., Graham, A., Nixon, Z., Allard, T., ... Rutherford, N. (2013). Extent and degree of shoreline oiling: Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico, USA.PloS one,8(6), e65087. Morgan, A. D., Shaw-Brown, K., Bellingham, I., Lewis, A., Pearce, M., Pendoley, K. (2014, May). Global oil spills and oiled wildlife response effort: implications for oil spill contingency planning. InInternational Oil Spill Conference Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, pp. 1524-1544). American Petroleum Institute. Osofsky, J. D., Osofsky, H. J., Weems, C. F., Hansel, T. C., King, L. S. (2016). Effects of stress related to the gulf oil spill on child and adolescent mental health.Journal of pediatric psychology,41(1), 65-72. Peres, L. C., Trapido, E., Rung, A. L., Harrington, D. J., Oral, E., Fang, Z., ... Peters, E. S. (2016). The deepwater Horizon Oil spill and physical health among adult women in Southern Louisiana: The women and their childrens health (WaTCH) study.Environmental health perspectives,124(8), 1208. Ritchie, B. W., Crotts, J. C., Zehrer, A., Volsky, G. T. (2014). Understanding the effects of a tourism crisis: the impact of the BP oil spill on regional lodging demand.Journal of Travel Research,53(1), 12-25. Sammarco, P. W., Kolian, S. R., Warby, R. A., Bouldin, J. L., Subra, W. A., Porter, S. A. (2013). Distribution and concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons associated with the BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico.Marine pollution bulletin,73(1), 129-143. Sharkey, C. M. (2016). The BP Oil Spill Settlements, Classwide Punitive Damages, and Societal Deterrence. Wilson, M. J., Frickel, S., Nguyen, D., Bui, T., Echsner, S., Simon, B. R., ... Wickliffe, J. K. (2015). A targeted health risk assessment following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in Vietnamese-American shrimp consumers.Environmental Health Perspectives (Online),123(2), 152.

Autobiographical Sketch Essays - Schuyler Family, Schuylerville

Autobiographical Sketch I was born on June 7, 1983 to two loving parents in the small town of Warrensburg, New York. I was the second of two children to be born to John and Jacqueline Farndell. In 1981 they were blessed with my brother Jason. The four of us lived in a small apartment in Warrensburg for two years. We then lifted our roots and moved to an even smaller town called Greenwich. This is where I currently live. We live in an old house that my father bought from my great-grandmother. I started school at the age of five. I attended Schuylerville Elementary School, which actually was closer to where we lived than Greenwich Elementary. At the end of my Kindergarten year my stable family life grew shaky. My Parents divorced. My brother and I stayed with my father in Greenwich and my mother moved to an apartment in Arygle just north of us. We visited her every other Sunday from 9 in the morning until 3 in the afternoon. Eventually we saw her more often. In 1989 my father met his future wife, Betty Mullen. They married in 1991. She had two sons, Norm and Chris. Norm was 18 and Chris was 16. Our house just didnt seem big enough for the six of us. My dad being an Architect drew up some plans for a complete remodel and an addition to our house. It was a slow process, but eventually with the help of all six of us the remodel was complete. Ironically, as soon as the building project was finished Norm went off to college at the State University of Albany and Chris joined the United States Army. The house now seemed empty. Soon after, my Grandmother moved in. She was a welcomed addition to the house. She lived with us for about four years, then moved in a nursing home in Argyle. There she could have 24 hour supervision. She was stricken with the terrible disease of Alzheimer. By this time I was attending Schuylerville Jr./Sr. High. I did well and had many friends. I was involved in the Yearbook committee and was an active member of the Spanish Club for four years. For two of those years I held the proud honor of being the President. I also filled my study halls at the Elementary School. I volunteered to help out in a Kindergarten Art class and a first grade class. I took any opportunity that I could get to be in the classroom. I played Basketball and Field Hockey up until the time that I had to have knee surgery. I had to give up my love for the game. Two years later I saw the inside of the emergency room again. This time it was to have my enlarged gallbladder removed. This brings me right to the middle of my Senior year at Schuylerville. I am currently interning at Skidmore College with their pre-K program. Though Schuylervilles Work Experience Program I have been able to spend my afternoon at various classrooms. I interned at Schuylerville Elementary in a Third grade class and also with a Co-K class. I look forward to completing this sector of my education and moving onto the next step, hopefully at Oneonta. Acceptance Essays

20 Quotations About Young Love

20 Quotations About Young Love Young love- so naive, so immature, so unsophisticated, yet ever so charming! Every generation warns the next of the heartaches and the heartbreaks that come with this love, yet, each generation is eager to experience it. Authors have tried to express the happy occurrence that we call young love. Here are some such young love quotes. Margaret Atwood, The Blind Assassin: A Novel The young habitually mistake lust for love, theyre infested with idealism of all kinds. Richard Dahm, The Middle, episode: A Tough Pill to Swallow, 2016, Frankie Heck Wind power, water power, coal power- how great would it be if you could harness the power of a young man in love? Criss Jami,  Killosophy â€Å"Its a good sign but rare instance when, in a relationship, you find that the more you learn about the other person, the more you continue to desire them. A sturdy bond delights in that degree of youthful intrigue. Love loves its youth.†Ã‚   Ta-Nehisi Coates â€Å"What I am telling you is that you do not need to know to love, and it is right that you feel it all in any moment. And it is right that you see it through- that you are amazed, then curious, then belligerent, then heartbroken, then numb. You have the right to all of it.† Alessandra Torre,  The Ghostwriter â€Å"There is nothing like young love. It comes at a time before the heart knows to protect itself, when everything important is raw and exposed- the perfect environment for a soul-sucking, heart-crushing burst.†Paige P. Horne,  If Id Known Young love is like a raging fire that cant be tamed. Its addictive and borderline obsessive. Satisfying in every way, yet never getting enough. Im the flames, and hes the fuel keeping me burning. We are perfect.† Liz Thebart,  Walk Away   â€Å"Beginnings are easy, but after that, happiness takes some work.†Ã‚   Eoin Colfer,  Airman â€Å"Young love is common, but that doesnt mean its not precious.†Muse, â€Å"Lollypopthe passion contained merely kissesplaced upon lips, neck and cheekthese young lovers of the castleof which our fairytale speaks†Ã‚   Justin Go,  The Steady Running of the Hour â€Å"It didnt matter. I was young and we were together.† Daphne du Maurier,  Rebecca   â€Å"I am glad it cannot happen twice, the fever of first love. For it is a fever, and a burden, too, whatever the poets may say. They are not brave, the days when we are twenty-one. They are so full of little cowardices, little fears without foundation, and one is so easily bruised, so swiftly wounded, one falls to the first barbed word.† William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, Romeo Ah me! how sweet is love itself possessd,When but loves shadows are so rich in joy! A.P.,  Sabine   You must ask the young if you want to know what love is. Only they are deep enough in it to describe. We older ones have clues and simulacra, we base our judgment, like pathologists do, on the dents and scars and sediments of hearts long kept in formaldehyde. It is the pulsing heart you want to probe: the pulsing, beating, leaping, dipping, fluttering heart of a seventeen-year-old.†Ã‚   Chang-rae Lee,  On Such a Full Sea â€Å"For no matter the shadows of an age, the picture of a young couple in love, we are told, speaks most luminously of the future, as the span of that passion makes us believe we can overleap any walls, obliterate whatever obstacles.†Ã‚   Benjamin DisraeliThe magic of first love is our ignorance that it can ever end. Maya AngelouThe loss of young first love is so painful that it borders on the ludicrous. Nicholas Sparks Theres no love like the first.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anonymous When a man is in love for the first time he thinks he invented it. Lang Leav,  Sad Girls Your first love isnt the first person you give your heart to―its the first one who breaks it. George Bernard Shaw First love is only a little foolishness and a lot of curiosity.

International Defense Profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Defense Profile - Essay Example Topics of defence policies, weapons superiority, and military paradigms are currently being addressed while the traditional models are set aside (Markert & Backer, 2003). Essentially, the United States is forecasting a situation where it will be forced to battle for power with emerging Third World Powers through the design of weapons and use of contemporary military technologies. In the Contemporary global society, developing nations are armed with the state of the art armaments. These include increased use of proliferated Chemical Weapons, availability of ballistic and cruise missiles, nuclear weapons capacity, high-performance aircrafts and submarines. It, therefore, shows that more nations are becoming  fatal in the battlefields. It is, therefore, critical to ponder the implication of the coming Gulf War, current terrorism war and Russian military resurgence (Markert & Backer, 2003). Recently, national security has been used as a justification for enormous government expenditures; therefore, the government has procured and developed weapons systems and armaments. There are various rationales for the establishment and massive investment in new weapons and military forces. First, military forces are used for the defense, therefore, need to direct investment to reduce damages and prevent attacks by the opponents (Markert & Backer, 2003). In addition, modern nuclear weapons have become highly sophisticated that it can cause massive damages to the enemy. These defensive mechanisms may also involve the employment of counterforce targeting which means aiming at opponent’s military forces specifically at strategic nuclear forces. It may also involve counter-value targeting that uses a particular program to point at weapons placed at softer targets for instance in industrial facilities, economic enterprises and populated urban centers (Markert & Backer, 2003).

Business and management studies Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business and management studies - Thesis Example Performance appraisal should be one of the most effective means of the psychologically charged activities in business life. In addition, performance appraisal is one of the generally broadly studied areas in industrial/organizational psychology. However, the conventional study program has done very little to advance the value of performance appraisal as a managerial tool (Bratton & Gold, 2007). An amount of studies has related the human Resource practices to different Organizational outcomes such as output, value, proceeds, market value and general profits. Organizations bearing long terms objectives of constant aggressive advantage and high productivity should improve their human capital by putting in place structure and practices to accomplish and retain their goal (Hoque, K. (1999). Current study has stirred away from studies of rater correctness and psychometric measures to subject of employee response towards performance appraisal as indicators of organization satisfaction and efficiency. The reason is because employee sensitivity of fairness of performance appraisal has a great impact on organization efficiency (Bratton & Gold, 2007). Perceptions of justice are seen as an important issue in employee approval of and fulfillment with performance appraisal. This has forced the managers to have both a principled and legal compulsion to conduct appraisals in a fair, honest and unbiased manner (Bratton & Gold, 2007). The government of Saudi Arabia has in recent times adopted a negligent tactic to human resource management in both public and private sectors. The private sector in Saudi Arabia has in recent times received more attention (Bratton & Gold, 2007). Since the early 2000s, the government has initiated a broad legal structure to control the management of people in the private sector, because the government is investing heavily in the private sector in order to make it more attractive for international companies

Patient Risk Essay Example for Free

Patient Risk Essay This example of a reflective essay is presented in association with Price, B and Harrington, A (2013) Critical Thinking and Writing for Nursing Students, London, Learning Matters. Readers are introduced to the process of critical and reflective thinking and the translation of these into coursework that will help them to achieve better grades in nursing courses. Stewart, Raymet, Fatima and Gina are four students who share their learning journey throughout the chapters of the book. In this essay on the assessment of pain, Raymet demonstrates her reflective writing skills near the end of her course. Raymet had by this stage written several reflective practice essays and gained good marks. This time though she was encouraged to deepen her reflections, speculating selectively on how the account of pain experienced by a patient (Mrs Drew) might help her to work more creatively with patient perceptions and reported needs. N.B. Remember, copying essays such as this, submitting them as a whole or in part for assessment purposes, without attributing the source of the material, may leave you open to the charge of plagiarism. Significant sanctions may follow for nurses who do this, including referral to the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Assessing Mrs Drew’s Pain Mc Caffery and Pasero (1999) state that pain is what the patient says it is. If we accept that point, then nurses need to explore the patient’s perceptions of pain, as well as their report of experiences. The two are not quite the same. Patients may report their pain in a variety of ways, dependent on the nature and the intensity of pain and the context in which it is felt (e.g. whether they are ever distracted from the pain). Their perception of pain is a little more though and it includes the meaning that the pain has for them. It includes explanation of why the pain is there in the first place, what it indicates about their body and what it could  suggest might happen in the future (getting better, getting worse). The nurse assesses the account of pain shared by the patient, and this may be given in the form of a story. This is how it began, this is how it felt, this is what that meant to me and this is what I did about it (Mishler et al. 2006) In this essay I explore the assessment of pain as conducted with one 60 year old patient whom I will call Mrs Drew. Whilst the essay describes an assessment of pain with a single patient, I try to share too some ideas and questions that this provokes within me about pain assessment more generally. Mrs Drew made me think about other patients, future assessments and what I had to do as a nurse to help patients. To help structure this essay I use the framework described by Gibbs (1988). Whilst the episode concerned relates a stage in Mrs Drew’s illness when she challenged her treatment protocol, it also includes some of the memories and thoughts that this patient refers to regarding her earlier illness and past ways of coping with pain. In particular, it prompted me to question to what extent I as a nurse should recommend analgesia, drawing on what I had been taught about the effective control of pain. I had learned that it was better to control rather than to chase pain ( e.g. Mann and Carr, 2006; Forbes, 2007). Mrs Drew was diagnosed with lung cancer a year earlier and had initially had her illness treated by chemotherapy. This had helped her to achieve a remission that lasted for nearly ten months (Hunt et al, 2009 describe the prognosis of this disease). The cancer had returned though and spread to her spine and it was here that she experienced most of her pain.It was at this stage that the doctors explained that her care would now be directed towards her comfort rather than a cure—to which she had replied, ‘you mean palliative care’. Mrs Drew was supported at home by her husband Neil and visited on a regular basis by community based nurses to whom I was attached as part of my student nurse training. She was prescribed oral morphine and could decide within stated limits how many tablets she could take in any one 24 hour period. The situation I had visited Mrs Drew on several occasions over the period of a month when the community nurse and I were confronted by a tearful patient who announced that she did not wish to take the oral opiates quite as often as we were recommending. As she spoke she held her husband’s hand tightly, looking across to him as she described her experiences and feelings about the matter. Yes, there had been some bad nights when the pain had woken her and she had to sit up and watch television to try and distract herself. Yes, sometimes the pain made her feel nauseous, but she was alarmed at how frequently she was taking the ‘pain tablets’ and how this made her feel about herself. However well meant the medication was, it didn’t feel dignified to be so reliant on drugs, or quite so sleepy and unresponsive for such a high percentage of the day. Whilst the analgesia was working well when she took the tablets, the quality of life wasn’t what she wanted. The community nurse listened patiently to Mrs Drew and then explained that it was normal to have panic moments about such medication. Morphine had a reputation, one that people associated with misuse of drugs, rather than their therapeutic use. Used on a regular basis, the drug wouldn’t cause addiction and it would provide a great deal of reassurance to Mr Drew as well. The community nurse stated that she was quite sure that he respected his wife’s need to sleep when she wished and to build the rhythm of the day around her needs. At this point Mrs Drew shook her husband’s hand, and said, ‘tell her†¦tell her what we’ve talked about!’ Mr Drew then explained that his wife was used to dealing with pain, she had suffered recurrent pain in her neck and shoulder after a road traffic accident some years before. The pain had sometimes been severe, but he had massaged her shoulders and used heat packs that she found soothing. They had decided that they wished to use this technique now, keeping the morphine for absolute emergencies, when she was losing sleep and couldn’t eat as a result of the discomfort. The community nurse assured them that they were in charge of the analgesia and would be allowed to make their own decisions. She started to make notes though, and announced that she was making a referral to the cancer pain clinic, something that would help them to take stock of the situation. There was very good reason to suppose that this might be a problem associated with choosing the right dosage of the  morphine, rather than using supplemental pain relief measures. Mrs Drew responded sharply, ‘You’re not listening to me though Jane (the community nurse’s name—a pseudonym is used here), I want to use heat packs instead of morphine, at least during the day. I want to be more alive with my husband.’ The community nurse assured Mrs Drew that she had heard what she had said and respected her point of view. There would though be nothing lost by using the clinic to gain a further check on this matter. With that she excused us, explaining that we had a further appointment that morning and we left, having checked that Mrs Drew had a sufficient supply of her different medicines. As we walked to the car the community nurse empathised with Mrs Drew’s plight, saying that if she had lung cancer she would probably grasp at straws too. She would reach out for things that seemed more normal, and then observed, ‘but this isn’t normal is it, the pain she has isn’t normal. It’s not just a whip lash injury and old age.’ Feelings I remember that during this episode feeling a mixture of confusion, surprise, anger and impotence. Mrs Drew had surprised me by the way she had spoken, using what seemed to be a planned announcement. They had waited for and perhaps rehearsed this moment. Nothing in my experience to date had prepared me for such an encounter, at least in such circumstances, where we as nurses were so obviously working to support the patient. It was only later that I called the episode a confrontation. Mr and Mrs Drew had confronted the community nurse and I had been the largely silent witness to the event. As the discussion proceeded I remember making supportive noises, remarking how useful heat packs sometimes were and glancing across at Jane, who seemed to be signalling with her expression that I should leave this debate to her. I was trying to read her reactions to the Drew’s points and concluded that if I couldn’t support her arguments to the patient, then I should remain silent. The re were issues here that I perhaps hadn’t enough experience to deal with, at least, whilst ‘thinking on my feet’. My initial anger (with Mrs Drew for not acknowledging all that we were trying to do) quickly became displaced towards my colleague Jane. During the event I couldn’t explain why that was, but afterwards, when I made notes, I realised that it was because she seemed to have set the agenda in her own mind and to be requiring the patient to comply with concerns of her own. Put rather crudely, Jane seemed to be saying, listen I know about these things, this is a phase, an anxiety; you can work through all this. I believed at this point that she had missed the significance of the event, the way in which the Drew’s had arranged the conversation. For them, this was not a phase at all, but a considered and very important decision, one that they wanted the nurses to accept (Freshwater, 2002 and Edwards and Elwyn, 2009 emphasize the importance of negotiated care planning). My feelings of impotence were associated strongly with my lack of clinical experience. I have met this before. No matter how many placements I do, no matter how good the mentoring I receive, I keep meeting situations where I am unsure about how to respond next. I feel younger, less knowledgeable than I should be at this stage in my training. I want to reassure patients, to support colleagues and to give good advice, but there is not enough confidence to do that. If I felt unsettled and uncertain about Jane’s response to the Drew’s, right then I couldn’t easily explain that. I couldn’t offer a second opinion, couldn’t suggest an idea that might help support the patient. To my annoyance I couldn’t manage that either as we left the house. Jane had made some fair points, she  clearly seemed concerned about the patient’s needs, but perhaps she hadn’t spotted the right need—for Mrs Drew to determine in greater part how she de alt with her illness. Experience evaluated Afterwards, this short episode prompted doubts and debates about several important aspects of nursing for me. Setting aside the etiquette of learning in clinical practice, not challenging a qualified nurse in front of a  patient, there were problems here associated with supporting patient dignity, with my assumptions relating to analgesia and pain control strategies, and I realised, with my assumptions about types of pain and who had the expertise to define these. Dignity is more than simply using the appropriate terms of address, protecting the privacy of patients and attending to their expressed concerns (Price, 2004). It is about clarifying the ways in which they live and accommodate illness or treatment. It is about finding out what benchmarks they use to say that ‘yes, I am doing well here, this makes me feel good about myself’. Upon reflection, I sense that we on this occasion had not worked hard enough to discover how Mr and Mrs Drew define quality of life, or being in charge of their situation. We were more concerned with providing resources, sharing research or theory about medication and questioning the familiar misconceptions associated with morphine. To put it simply, we were ‘missing a trick’, reading the encounter as something that had happened many times before—the report of problems or anxieties, a request for help, rather than a decision that the patient and her carer had already come to. Reading situations well seemed, with the benefit of hindsight, to be the first basis for dignified care. ‘What is happening here, what will help the patient most?’ were questions that we perhaps assumed that we already knew the answer to. I realised that in my training I had already accepted the argument that patients would wish to remain pain free come what may and that the tackling of fears about prospective pain, was something that nurses engaged in. I assumed that because cancer pain represented such a major threat, because it was greater and more all encompassing, that there was little or no doubt that it should be removed. What was so unsettling, and took so much time to examine, was that Mrs Drew acknowledged the possible severity of metastatic cancer pain, but that she still preferred to respond to it using measures that had worked for her whiplash neck injury. Mrs Drew was willing to trade off a pain free state for something that gave her a greater sense of control and which perhaps enabled her husband to express his support for her in a very tangible way (preparing heat packs, massaging her back, rather than simply giving her the tablets). Mr and Mrs Drew questioned all my assumptions about best analgesia pr actice, and seemed to write a large  question mark on the textbooks I had read about chasing rather than controlling pain in palliative care situations (Mann and Carr, 2006). Reflections (learning opportunities) The episode with Mrs Drew left me uncomfortable because my past approach to pain management was theoretical. I (and I believe Jane too) regularly made use of science to decide what could be done as regards pain relief and to assume that patients would wish to achieve all of those benefits. This wasn’t about local applications of heat versus morphine, Mrs Drew could use both, it was about choice and how patients made choices—why they reached the decisions that they did. It was for me, about accepting very personally, that providing that patients are given all the relevant facts, alerted to the options, that they really are able to make choices that work for them. The very fact that Mrs Drews illness was now incurable, that she and her husband usually tackled pain together, meant that her solution to the challenge was different to those that many other patients arrived at. Having dealt with this pain for some time, knowing that it could and probably would get worse, meant that she was better equipped than other less experienced patients to make a decision here. This took nothing away from the benefits of sharing further discussion with pain clinic experts. I thought, Mrs Drew will stand her ground, she will insist on doing things her way if her husband is strong too. What it did highlight though was the importance of listening to patients, hearing how they perceive pain, how they narrate not only the pain but what they did about it. In this instance the narration was all about dignity, and coping, and finding ways to help one another and how this enables us to feel in the face of such a terrible illness. So, in telling us about her pain, what she did about it, using morphine when it was ‘absolutely required’, Mrs Drew was not reporting her ignorance of what could be achieved if the medication was used differently, but what she preferred to do as it enabled her to achieve different goals. Mrs Drew’s goals were about liveliness, alertness and stoicism, showing that she could bear at least a measure of pain. I wondered why I hadn’t listened carefully enough to such a story? Was it because of time pressure, or perhaps complacency, that Jane and I felt that we already knew what account would be  shared? Did we think that the patient would ask for help, more help, as the pain continued? If so, then our guesses had prompted us to behave as experts, and problem solvers, on the patient’s behalf. Perhaps hearing a patient narrative is about discovering what sort of role they would like you to fulfil. If so, then it might be a difficult role. I thought hard about how hard this was for Jane. She was going to be asked to witness Mrs Drew’s future pain, one that was now less perfectly controlled. She was going to be asked to reassure, to suggest measures that might help, without reminding the patient that she ‘already knew that you couldn’t manage pain that way!’ When I think about it now, that is very stressful for a nurse. It is about caring and allowing patient’s to make choices that we personally might not make. Conclusions I have drawn then three conclusions from the above reflection. First, that being patient centred is never easy and requires real listening and interpretation skills. My criticism of what Jane chose to do, to try and dissuade Mrs Drew from a course of action, recommending further appraisal of the situation, is an easy one to make. Nurses confront situations such as this relatively unprepared and react as considerately as possible. It is easy in hindsight to recommend other responses, a further exploration of what motivated Mrs Drew’s pain management preferences. Second, that experience can be a valuable teacher, the equal of textbooks. If nurses are interested in care, then we should be concerned with the sense that patients make of their own illness, the treatment or support that they receive. We need to understand what patients have to teach us and have to acknowledge that this means that we won’t always seem in control ourselves, expert and knowledgeable. Our expertise might be elsewhere, helping patients to reach their own decisions. Third, that one way to understand patient perspectives on illness or treatment, on pain management in this example, is to hear how they talk  about the situation. How do they describe the pain, how do they refer to what they did about it? The way in which the story is shared, how we coped, how this made us feel, is as important as the facts related. Sometimes a patient needs to feel stalwart, even heroic in the face of illness. Future care It would be foolish and unprofessional to recommend to other patients that they might not wish to remove pain, or that overcoming pain doesn’t always mean we don’t continue to experience it. For every Mrs Drew there may be many other patients who would welcome the complete removal of pain, so that they can die calmly, quietly, with their own version of dignity. But it does seem to me, that it will be worth thinking about the diversity of patients and how they prefer to cope when I assess pain and help manage this problem in the future. I won’t be able to walk away from the responsibility of debating whether I have explained all that I could, detailed the strengths and limitations of different ways of coping. I will need to find reflection time to ponder what patients have said and if necessary to go back and say, ‘I’ve been thinking some more about your words last week..’ knowing that this doesn’t make me any the less professional. References Edwards, A and Elwyn, G (2009) Shared decision-making in health care: achieving evidencebased patient choice, 2nd ed. Oxford, Oxford University Press Forbes, K (2007) Opiods in cancer pain, Oxford, Oxford University Press Freshwater, D (2002) Therapeutic nursing: improving patient care through self awareness, London, Sage. Gibbs G (1988) Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods, Oxford, Oxford Polytechnic Further Education unit Hunt, I., Muers, M and Treasure, T (2009) ABC of lung cancer, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell/BMJ Books Mann, E and Carr, E (2006) Pain management, Oxford, Blackwell McCaffery, M and Pasero, C (1999) Pain: Clinical manual, Mosby, Philadelphia Mishler, E., Rapport, F and Wainwright, P (2006) The self in health and illness: patients, professionals and narrative identity, Oxford, Radcliffe Publishing Ltd Price, B (2004) Demonstrating respect for patient dignity, Nursing Standard, 19(12), 45-51

Thomas Edison :: biography biographies bio

Thomas Edison was born Febuary 11, 1847 in Milan Ohio. He was the youngest of seven siblings, and did not learn to talk until he was nearly four. At the age of seven Edison spent three months in school until his mother took him out of school and home schooled him. When Tom turned twelve the young entrepreneur became a railroad newspaper boy. He would ride rail cars selling candy, newspapers, fruits, and vegetables. Soon after Edison began working on the railroads he became practically deaf. There are several theories on what happened to make the inventor deaf one of the widest spread beliefs is that Edison lost his hearing when a conductor boxed his ears after Edison accidentally set fire to a train car. Edison said that he lost his hearing when a brakeman caught Edison by his ears to stop Edison from falling off the train. Regardless of what happened Edison couldn't hear out of his left ear and was about eighty percent deaf in his right ear. One day before getting on a train fourteen year old Edison noticed a todler with his back turned to an oncoming train. Tom reacted quickly throwing himself and the toddler off the tracks in the nick of time. The three year olds dad trained Edison to operate a telagraph machine as a reward. By the age of sixteen Edison had mastered this skill and left home. He moved to Boston, however a year and a half after he started working there he was forced to quit because his employer accused him of "not concentrating on his primary responsibilities, and doing to much moonlighting." Edison was moved to New York where he arrived practically broke. Three weeks after arriving in New York Edison had a job that paid much better than his Boston employer. The story goes that Edison who was broke and on the verge of starving came across a panicing broker. The broker was freaking out because an important stock ticker had broken. Edison tinkering paid off when he quickly fixed the ticker. The broker hired Edison on the spot as the company's repair man for $300.00 a month a very impresive amount in 1869. A year later Edison became a rich man when a company paid $40,000 for an improved stock ticker. Edison had expected no more than $5,000. After getting his first check for that much money Edison was at a loss for what to do.

Benefits of security awareness training

Security in information systems training has come to be one of the most needed requirements in an organization. As Acquisti (2008) explains, in today’s fast moving and technically fragile environment safe communication systems are required to be secure in order to benefit both the company and the society as a whole. This fact needs to be clearly highlighted so that adequate measures be implemented not only to fosters the organization’s daily business transactions but also ensure that the much needed security procedures are implemented within the accepted companies code of ethics and thorough training given.Think of a case where company’s data is exposed to malicious attacker, this situation is constantly increasing especially among the security illiterate staff having access to sensitive and secretes business information. This information can be like sensitive company’s data, browsing the company’s website through an insecure gateway, receiving emai ls from suspicious sources and the threat posed by Instant messaging (IM). This paper aims at giving a critical review on the benefits of security awareness training on IT systems to an organization.Provide better protection for assets We need to help employees identify potential threats since this is one of the most valuable technical advantages a society can get (Brancik, 2008). We need to provide updated information to our staff on the new security risks that have been discovered. The staffs need also to be updated on the current technology so that they easily are aware of security breaches within the e-commerce environment.Furthermore employees, Brancik, (2008) asserts, business partners, and contractors should be informed that the data on their mobile phone devices and computers portable document format (PDFs), smart phones and thumb drives though are devices that are of value are vulnerable to security breaches so that they are alert whenever a security threat is discovered wi thin their systems. This can enhance swift action to be taken by the IT professionals to cap the situation. Save moneyAccording to Pfleeger and Pfleeger (2007), to reduce the number and extend in security breaches then training is vital. If a security breach is discovered sooner then ways of dealing with it promptly can be devised. , cost to notify customers of breaches, Cost to recovering data altered or lost during an a security breach, non-compliance fines and lost productivity, lost customers(indirect costs), resolving breaches and hoaxes ,time spent investigating) will reduce.These enables control measures to be added into systems other than adding them into the system that has been installed. Coordination and measuring of all security awareness, education, training should be enhances while duplication of effort is reduced (Pfleeger and Pfleeger, 2007). Improving the Competitive Advantage of your organization and protection of its brand One of the factors in the world of commer ce that is focused on by almost all companies is the ability to gain a competitive edge over similar companies.As explained by Killmeyer (2006) customers should be informed that your organization is considerate in protecting their data. Take a situation where Barclays Bank received when the management decided to protect customers installing ATMs that hides the users’ identity from its printout transaction receipt, if a malicious user were to gain access to unprotected receipt (having users identity and password) what harm will he do to customers’ account?

What is a Bank Run

The Economics Glossary gives the following definition for a bank run: A bank run takes place when the customers of a bank fear that the bank will become insolvent. Customers rush to the bank to take out their money as quickly as possible to avoid losing it. Federal Deposit Insurance has ended the phenomenon of bank runs. Simply put, a bank run, also known as a run on the bank, is the situation that arises when a financial institutions customers withdraw all of their deposits simultaneously or within short succession out of fear for the banks solvency, or the banks ability to meet its long-term fixed expenses. Essentially, it is the banking customers fear of losing their money and distrust in the sustainability of the banks business that leads to a mass withdrawal of assets. To gain a better understanding of what occurs during a bank run and its implications, we first must understand how banking institutions and customer deposits work. How Banks Work: Demand Deposits When you deposit money into a bank, you will generally make that deposit into a demand deposit account such as a checking account. With a demand deposit account, you have the right to take your money out of the account on demand, that is, at any time. In a fractional-reserve banking system, however, the bank is not required to keep all of the money in demand deposit accounts stored as cash in a vault. In fact, most banking institutions only keep a small portion of their assets in cash at any time. Instead, they take that money and give it out in the form of loans or otherwise invest it in other interest-paying assets. While banks are required by law to have a minimum level of deposits on hand, known as a reserve requirement, those requirements are generally quite low as compared to their total deposits, generally in the range of 10%. So at any given time, a bank can only pay out a small fraction  of the deposits of its customers on demand. The system of demand deposits works quite well unless a large number of people demand to take their money out of the bank at the same time and over the reserve. The risk of such an event is generally small unless there is a reason  for banking customers to believe that money is no longer safe in the bank.   Bank Runs: A Self-Fulfilling Financial Prophecy? The only causes required for a bank run to occur is the belief that a bank is at risk of insolvency and the subsequent mass withdrawals from the banks demand deposit accounts. That is to say that whether the risk of insolvency is real or perceived does not necessarily impact the outcome of the run on the bank. As more customers withdraw their  funds out of fear, the real risk of insolvency or default increases, which only prompts more withdrawals. As such, a bank run is more a result of panic than true risk, but what may begin as mere fear can quickly produce a real reason for fear. Avoiding the Negative Effects of Bank Runs An uncontrolled bank run can result in a banks bankruptcy or when multiple banks are involved, a banking panic, which at its worst can lead to an economic recession. A bank may try to avoid the negative effects of a bank run by limiting the amount of cash a customer can withdraw at one time, temporarily suspending withdrawals altogether, or borrowing cash from other banks or the central banks to cover the demand. Today, there are other provisions to protect against bank runs and bankruptcy. For instance, the reserve requirements for banks have generally increased and central banks have been organized to provide quick loans as a last resort. Perhaps most important has been the establishment of deposit insurance programs such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which was set up during the Great Depression in response  to the bank failures that exacerbated the economic crisis. Its aim was to maintain stability in the banking system and to encourage a certain level of confidence and trust. The insurance remains in place today.